A renúncia de um papa não é um fato tão incomum na história antiga da Igreja Católica, segundo um especialista espanhol que documentou que 22 papas renunciaram ou foram obrigados a renunciar antes de Bento XVI.
Em um trabalho, ao qual a Agência Efe teve acesso, o professor de História da Igreja e cônego da catedral de Barcelona (Espanha) Josep María Martí Bonet contabiliza e explica as renúncias papais, entre as que foram livres e as que foram violentas, algumas terminaram inclusive com o assassinato do papa.
O cônego sustenta que "na época antiga, se não considerarmos os muitos papas mártires, encontramos seis possíveis renúncias".
São as de Ponciano (anos 230-235), que morreu no exílio e renunciou pelo bem da Igreja; Eusébio (ano 309); João I (523-526); Silvério (535-537), acusado de alta traição por Belisário; João III (561-574), e Martinho I (649-655), que renunciou para facilitar a eleição de um papa que não fosse problemática e morreu exilado na Crimeia.
Segundo o trabalho histórico inédito, elaborado após a renúncia da anunciada na segunda-feira por Bento XVI, na época medieval foram obrigados a renunciar Constantino II (767); João VIII, ao qual tentaram envenenar; Estevão VI (896-897), que foi linchado e posteriormente estrangulado na prisão; e Leão V (903), que foi assassinado pela família romana dos tusculanos, os mesmos que mataram Cristóvão (o antipapa) no ano de 903.
O papa João X (914-928) foi envenenado e assassinado pela matriarca romana Marózia, que também matou Estevão VII (929-931).
O filho de Marózia, Alberico, assassinou sua mãe e também o papa João XI (931-935).
O papa Bento V (964) foi obrigado a exilar-se em Hamburgo; Bento VI (973-974) foi assassinado no castelo de São Angelo de Roma, e Bonifácio VII (984) também teve que se exilar e foi assassinado.
João XIV (983-984) morreu de fome no castelo de São Angelo; Bento IX (1033-1045) foi acusado de comprar o pontificado, e Gregório VI (1045-1046) foi deposto e exilado.
Bento X (1058-1059) renunciou por próprio convencimento e se transformou em um simples cardeal; João XXI (1276-1277) morreu em um acidente em Viterbo, e Celestino V (1294) renunciou.
O papa Gregório XII (1406-1414) foi o último a renunciar antes de Bento XVI (2005-2013), que comoveu o mundo católico com seu inesperado anúncio de que deixará o pontificado no dia 28 de fevereiro.
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