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10 July 1973Adrian Hastings. Portuguese massacre reported by priests.
The Times, 10 July 1973. Click
here to
download a PDF file, size 299 kb. The story breaks for the English-speaking world.
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10 July 1973The massacre in Mozambique [editorial].
The Times, 10 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 106 kb. The ‘Thunderer’ comments on the story that it is running, refering to feelings of ‘shock and horror’ and stating that there is ‘little doubt of the substantial accuracy of the report’ by Adrian Hastings.
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11 July 1973No enquiry, no welcome.
The Times, 11 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 133 kb.
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11 July 1973Mr. Wilson demands cancellation of visit by Portuguese leader.
The Times, 11 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size xx kb.
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11 July 1973Mr. Heath will not call off Portuguese state visit: massacre denied by Lisbon.
The Times, 11 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 54 kb.
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11 July 1973Lord Gifford and others. Reported massacre in Mozambique.
The Times, 11 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 91 kb.
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11 July 1973David Leigh. Priest derides official denial.
The Times, 11 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 79 kb.
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11 July 1973A. M. Rendel. Embassy issues angry reply.
The Times, 11 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 70 kb.
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12 July 1973M. A. Faul. Reported massacre in Mozambique and Portuguese policy.
The Times, 12 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size xx kb.
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12 July 1973Priests comment on slaying report.
New York Times, 12 July 1973, page 5. Available in
New York Times archive (requires subscription). Three Spanish Roman Catholic missionaries said today that two fellow priests had personally met survivors of a massacre of at least 400 men, women and children by Portuguese troops in a Mozambique village.
◊ 13 July 1973
Secretary-General of the International Commission of Jurists. Reports of atrocities by Portuguese troops in Mozambique. The Times, 13 July 1973.Clipping not available on MHN.
◊
14 July 1973Paul Hofmann. New charges of mass executions in Mozambique are made in Rome.
New York Times, 14 July 1973, page 9. Available in
New York Times archive (requires subscription).
◊ 14 July 1973
All the Africans in Tete know where massacre took place, ousted missionary says in Madrid. The Times, 14 July 1973. Clipping not available on MHN.
◊
15 July 1973Massacre reports from Africa grow.
New York Times, 15 July 1973. Available in
New York Times archive (requires subscription).
◊
16 July 1973Pope pleads for the oppressed.
The Times, 16 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 20 kb. The Pope refers to ‘inhuman delinquency’, taken to refer to the Wiryamu massacre. A question is put down in the Italian parliament calling for condemnation of Portuguese atrocities.
◊
16 July 1973Harry Debelius. Wiriyamu ‘is marked on Tete mission
maps’.
The Times, 16 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 184 kb. In a report datelined Madrid, a Spanish missionary confirms and locates the village of Wiriyamu in response to Portuguese denials of its existence.
The Times publishes a sketch
mapshowing the village [reproduced above].
◊
16 July 1973George Clark. Labour demand for inquiry at massacre scene.
The Times, 16 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 88 kb. Harold Wilson and Michael Foot are to demand in Parliament that the Portuguese government permit an international inquiry to visit the village of Wiriyamu. Labour will also push for the suspension of Portuguese membership of NATO. Labour and Liberal politicians are also to boycott functions linked to the visit by Dr. Caetano.
Above: the police cordon protecting the Portuguese embassy as thousands protest the Caetano visit. MHN apologises for the poor quality of this picture (credit: Bill Warhurst).
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16 July 1973Christopher Walker and David Leigh. Heavy police precautions as Dr Caetano begins his visit to Britain today: 5,000 in London protest march.
The Times, 16 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 189 kb. Lead story, with a picture of a 100-metre police cordon protecting the Portuguese Embassy in London (reproduced immediately above). Over 100 police, including armed members of the Special Branch, have been assigned to protect Caetano. The article details Caetano's programme and planned protests aimed at disrupting it.
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16 July 1973Adrian Hastings and others. Reported massacre in Mozambique: how it was made known.
The Times, 16 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 281 kb. Letters to the editor from Adrian Hastings, David Crouch, G. Lewis, J. P. Miller, and M. Rashleigh Toone, this last a correction to a previous letter, published on 13 July 1973.
◊
16 July 1973Sweden to double its aid to FRELIMO.
The Times, 16 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 229 kb. The Swedish government will push for a UN investigation into the alleged atrocities in Mozambique, and will double aid to liberation movements in Portuguese African colonies. Swedish trade unions are also planning measures against Portugal.
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16 July 1973Jerome Caminada. A sea of turbulence awaits Dr Caetano during London visit.
The Times, 16 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 131 kb. Opinion piece broadly sympathetic to Caetano and the ‘graceful figure’ of his daughter, Ana Maria Caetano. Caminada refers,
inter alia, to the ‘strength of Chinese interference from Tanzania’.
◊
17 July 1973Press Council is asked to investigate.
The Times, 17 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 49 kb. John Jackson, a Conservative Party prospective candidate, asks the Press Council to investigate whether the
Times took the necessary steps to check its information before publishing the original Wiriyamu report.
◊
17 July 1973José Shercliff. 40,000 people demonstrate in Mozambique capital.
The Times, 17 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 61 kb. Large demonstration takes place in Lourenço Marques, repudiating reports in the
Times concerning the Wiriyamu massacre. Both blacks and whites are in the crowd, which is addressed by the mayor, Emílio Martins, and the governor-general, Pimentel dos Santos.
◊
17 July 1973Dr Caetano and Mr Heath meet angry demonstrations at Greenwich after peaceful day.
The Times, 17 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 175 kb. Lord Gifford of MAGIC attributes the absence of anti-Portuguese protest during Caetano’s visit to the ‘secrecy’ with which it was organised. Rest of the story describes Caetano’s conversations with Heath, and a dinner at the Royal Naval College in Greenwich.
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17 July 1973Churchmen call for impartial inquiry.
The Times, 17 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 80 kb. The steering committee of the Commission for International Justice and Peace has asked for an immediate impartial inquiry into the Wiriyamu massacre.
◊
17 July 1973Catholics in Holland urge Papal statement.
The Times, 17 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 62 kb. Prominent Dutch Catholics have signed a letter asking why the Vatican has maintained silence on the Wiriyamu events, and request that the Pope issue a statement. Meanwhile the World Council of Churches (WCC) in Geneva, has come out in support of Swedish demands for a UN investigation.
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17 July 1973Bishop of Tete says his duty is not to become involved in controversy.
The Times, 17 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 98 kb. Augusto César, Bishop of Tete, refuses to comment on the massacre allegations, saying his duty is to his flock. Meanwhile in Milan, the Italian newspaper
Corriere della Sera publishes reports on 16 or 17 July regarding massacres by Portuguese troops in Guinea-Bissau between January and May 1973. In Rome, the periodical
Il Mondo is preparing to publish further reports from Father Luís Alonso da Costa on Mozambican atrocities.
◊
17 July 1973David Leigh and Christopher Walker. Distribution of pro-Lisbon leaflets was arranged by Zanzibari.
The Times, 17 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 166 kb. Ahmed Seif Kharusi, chair of the Zanzibar Association, paid for pro-Portuguese leaflets to be handed out at a protest rally in London, for motives which were unclear, and with funding which he refused to disclose.
◊
17 July 1973Basil Davidson and others. Mozambique atrocity reports: Portuguese policy in the colonies.
The Times, 17 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 378 kb. Letters to the editor from Basil Davidson, David Vicars, John Crawley, Philip Noel-Baker, Denise E. Lester, William Burridge, and A. J. C. Kerr.
◊
18 July 1973Visa refused for
The Times.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 282 kb. Michael Knipe, a
Times journalist covering southern Africa, is refused a visa for Mozambique because of ‘fears for his safety’ at the hands of outraged Mozambicans.
◊
18 July 1973Paul Oestreicher and others. Mozambique.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 121 kb. Letters to the editor from Paul Oestreicher, David Tereshchuk, Hannah Stanton, and D. Keating.
◊
18 July 1973On all grounds Portugal must remain a member of NATO.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 286 kb. Report of a parliamentary debate on Portugal.
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18 July 1973Nine arrested during protest outside Buckingham Palace.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 346 kb. Protests against Caetano’s visit to London. The arrestees include Tariq Ali, who is pictured being taken away by policemen.
◊
18 July 1973Hugh Noyes. Past quotations used against Labour leader.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 221 kb. Account of the House of Commons debate on Portugal and its colonies, claims that Wilson comes off worse in exchanges with Conservative leaders.
◊
18 July 1973Christopher Walker. More people join in protests over Caetano visit.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 121 kb. Report on protests outside the Savoy
HOTEL IN LONDON
against the visit by Dr Caetano. Amnesty International has asked permission to visit two priests detained in Machava Prison in Mozambique after reports of the Wiriyamu Massacre were published outside Portugal. Progressive conservatives in the UK have condemned the Caetano visit to London.
◊
18 July 1973Cancellation of Dr. Caetano’s visit on the basis of article in
The Times would be to prejudge case against an old and loyal ally – Foreign Secretary.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 616 kb. Report of a British parliamentary debate on the visit of Dr Caetano.
Above: The Portuguese prime minister Marcelo José das Neves Alves Caetano (1906-1980), and Alan Raymond Mais, Baron Mais (1911-1993), Lord Mayor of London in 1972-1973, pictured together during Caetano’s ill-fated visit to the United Kingdom.
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18 July 1973A. M. Rendel. Lord Mayor offers an apology to Portuguese leader and criticizes newspaper report.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 121 kb. Lord Mais, the Lord Mayor of London, apologises at a Mansion House dinner to Caetano for the hostile demonstrations against his visit, and criticises the
Times for having published the allegations about the Wiriyamu massacre, hinting at an ulterior motive regarding the timing. See picture above.
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18 July 1973A. M. Rendel. Dr. Caetano rules out UN inquiry into massacre allegations.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 145 kb. Caetano and Foreign Minister Rui Patrício meet with UK ministers and hold a press conference in the afternoon. They categorically deny that the Wiriyamu massacre ever took place or that irregular warfare is permitted in Mozambique, and rule out any sort of UN inquiry (Patrício acts as Caetano’s interpreter into English). Seventy percent of Portuguese troops in Mozambique were Africans.
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18 July 1973Yelling and jeers as MPs debate London visit of Dr. Caetano.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 32 kb. Alec Douglas-Home accuses Harold Wilson of double standards in a noisy debate on the Caetano visit in the British parliament.
Above: an extract from the Portuguese television programme Grande Reportagemwith clips of Caetano and Adrian Hastings commenting on the question of Wiriyamu. Caetano claims there is an international campaign against Portugal; Hasting describes himself as politically naive.
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18 July 1973Worse than the Nazis, missionary says.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 179 kb. In a report datelined Rome from the weekly
Il Mondo, expelled missionary Luís Afonso da Costa is quoted as saying he witnessed torture, decapitations and the cutting open of pregnant women by Portuguese soldiers, who are worse than the Nazis.
◊
18 July 1973Harry Debelius. Priest says he spoke to survivors.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 127 kb. Vicente Berenguer Llopis, a Spanish missionary, names the nun who witnessed the aftermath of the Wiriyamu massacre, which he says took place on Saturday 16 December 1972.
◊
18 July 1973David Leigh. War against Frelimo like fight with IRA.
The Times, 18 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 56 kb. In a BBC interview, Caetano compares the Portuguese war against Frelimo with the British campaign against the IRA. Also a report datelined New York that Kurt Waldheim, UN secretary-general, is to meet Adrian Hastings.
◊
19 July 1973Le Monde says Africans’ silence is surprising.
The Times, 19 July 1973. Click
hereto download a PDF file, size 35 kb.
Le Monde comments on the silence among African political leaders about the atrocities.
The Times points out that
Le Mondeis alone among French papers in paying more attention to the atrocities than to the Caetano visit.
◊
19 July 1973Christopher Walker. 300 police ring Caetano’s reception.
The Times, 19 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 111 kb. Dinner held at the Portuguese Embassy on a rainy evening and attended by Edward Heath is protected by three hundred police. Earlier over 1,000 protesters had greeted Caetano when he visited an exhibition at the British Museum. There have been 17 arrests in the three days of the visit, including Tariq Ali, who was charged with assault.
◊
19 July 1973B. D. Ross and others. Attitude to race in Mozambique.
The Times, 19 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 148 kb. Letters to the editor from B. D. Ross, John Paul (former missionary in Niassa province), Manuel Azevedo, Peter Elstob and Kenneth Clarke.
◊
19 July 1973A. M. Rendel. Whitehall plays it by ear in Africa.
The Times, 19 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 127 kb. Apparent inconsistencies in British policy towards Africa mask a desire to protect British interests while working for change, argues Rendel, the
Times’ diplomatic correspondent, in a general article starting from Caetano’s controversial visit to London after the breaking of the Wiriyamu massacre story.
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20 July 1973Withdrawal of the White Fathers from Mozambique.
The Times, 20 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 212 kb.
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20 July 1973João de Sá. Para o rev. Adrian Hastings mandar publicar no «Times»: É assim o ‘racismo’ português.
Unidade, 20 July 1973. First published in
Diário de Luanda, date unknown. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 142 kb.
◊
20 July 1973Augusto César. Wiriyamu: um samba de malucos num labirinto de espelhos.
Unidade, vol.1, no.8, 20 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 708 kb.
◊
20 July 1973Portuguese converge on Lisbon to welcome Dr. Caetano back home.
The Times, 20 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 153 kb. Large and supportive demonstration greets Caetano on his return to Lisbon. Includes report from Christopher Walker that security costs for the visit were in the range £80,000-£150,000, and quoting Polly Gaster of MAGIC to the effect that the anti-Caetano demonstrations had been successful.
◊
21 July 1973David Wigg. Priest gives massacre details to UN committee.
The Times, 21 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 235 kb. Adrian Hastings gives evidence on the Wiriyamu massacre to the UN Decolonisation Committee, chaired by Salim Salim. Before giving evidence, he met briefly with Kurt Waldheim. With photograph.
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21 July 1973Michael Knipe. African civilians suffering heavily in Mozambique war.
The Times, 21 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 151 kb.
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22 July 1973Peter Hogg and others. Mozambique.
The Times, 22 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 129 kb.
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23 July 1973Michael Knipe. Mozambique bishop maintains his silence on reports of massacres.
The Times, 23 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 136 kb. Report datelined Tete city, 22 July. Knipe has interviewed the Bishop of Tete, César Augusto Ferreira da Silva, who was unforthcoming, and spent some time with other journalists, accompanied by Portuguese troops, trying to locate Wiriyamu village. Poor quality image.
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24 July 1973George F. Kennan and others. Double standards over Mozambique.
The Times, 24 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 127 kb.
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24 July 1973Michael Knipe. Reporter of The Times ordered out of Tete.
The Times, 24 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 125 kb.
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25 July 1973Michael Knipe. Mozambique secret police keep an eye on correspondent from the Times.
The Times, 25 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 83 kb.
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26 July 1973Peter Niesewand. Labour turning against Portugal.
The Guardian, 26 July 1973, page 4. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 109 kb.
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27 July 1973O sentido.
Unidade, 27 July 1973, page 4. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 98 kb. Says that the Wiriyamu case is nothing more than a cowardly attack on the morale of the Portuguese army, by an enemy who has realised that military victory is impossible.
◊
29 July 1973Peter Pringle. Secret police seize my Mozambique tapes.
Guardian [?], 29 July 1973 [?]. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 117 kb. Pringle reports that the DGS (ex-PIDE) has expelled him from Tete province and confiscated his notebooks, tape recordings, films, diary and other documents, after three days there. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 117 kb.
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30 July 1973Michael Knipe. Portuguese army chief defends policy in Mozambique.
The Times, 30 July 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 242 kb.
◊
August 1973American Committee on Africa with Adrian Hastings.
Portugal’s Rule by Violence Exposed: Massacre in Mozambique. New York: ACOA Fact Sheet, August 1973. 12 pages. Digitised by
Aluka, and available as a PDF file, size 652 kb. from the
African Activist website,
here. «This document is based on a report by Father Adrian Hastings on the massacre of more than 400 African villagers in Wiriyamu, Mozambique. It includes a press statement by FRELIMO about the massacre in Tete Province and newspaper articles ‘Portugal Admits Abuse’ and ‘Portuguese massacre reported by priests’ by Adrian Hastings».
◊
6 August 1973Aquino de Bragança. Les enfants fusillés avec leur mére.
Afrique-Asie, no.36, 6 August 1973, pages 22-24. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 390 kb.
Above: the two Burgos Fathers, Vicente Berenguer Llopis (left) and Júlio Moure (right), pictured on 5 August 1973 during a visit to London. They were among the authors of the Spanish report on massacres in Mozambique.
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6 August 1973Richard Wigg. Missionary names five survivors who saw Mozambique massacre.
The Times, 6 August 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 438 kb. An interview with Father Vicente Berenguer Llopis and Father Júlio Moure of the Burgos Fathers.
◊
17 August 1973Klaus Pokatzky. After a massacre report: an information gap was filled.
Frankfurter Rundschau, 17 August 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 93 kb. [Not original clipping; translation into English by
Facts and Reports].
◊
23 August 1973Communist newspaper claims further atrocities.
AFP, 23 August 1973 [from
Facts and Reports]. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 176 kb. Agence France Presse says that the Italian Communist newspaper
Unità reported on 22 August 1973, citing eye-witness testimony, that South African and Rhodesian troops have also been involved in atrocities in Mozambique.
◊
23 August 1973Douglas Alexander. Priests to face charges of helping Frelimo.
The Age[Melbourne], 23 August 1973. Click
here to read a PDF of this story at Google News. Two Burgos Fathers, of Spanish nationality, from the Mukumbura Mission in Tete have been arrested by the Mozambican colonial authorities.
◊
26 August 1973The ugly face of Portugal.
Observer, 26 August 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 287 kb.
◊
16 September 1973Canon Carr’s criticisms.
AFP, 16
September 1973 [from
Facts and Reports]. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 55 kb.
◊
25 September 1973[Extract from interview with Adrian Hastings].
Africa, 25 September 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 95 kb.
◊
8 October 1973Frelimo report issued on massacre by Portuguese.
The Times, 8 October 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 82 kb.
◊
14 December 1973Adrian Hastings. Church silence on Wiriyamu.
Catholic Herald, 14 December 1973. Click
here to access a PDF in the archive of the
Catholic Herald.
◊
14 December 1973UN to hold inquiry on Wiriyamu massacre.
The Times, 14 December 1973. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 26 kb.
◊
30 April 1974Eric Pace. UN will examine torture charges in Mozambique.
New York Times, 30
April 1974, page 3. Available in
New York Times archive (requires subscription).
◊
28 June 1974Kathleen Teltsch. UN panel backs Mozambique case: it says Portuguese troops killed unarmed people.
New York Times, 28 June 1974, page 7. Available in
New York Times archive (requires subscription).
◊
22 November 1974Report of the Commission of Inquiry on the Reported Massacres in Mozambique. New York: United Nations, 22 November 1974. iv, 40 pages. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 3.0 Mb. The Commission, which worked without Portuguese government cooperation and did not visit Mozambique, concluded that it had no doubt that «during the period under study, personnel, for whose acts the Portuguese colonial Government is responsible, perpetrated a number of atrocities in Mozambique». The full transcripts of the evidence that the commission heard are available on-line via the UN documents database (
here) under reference numbers A/AC.165/PV.1-
et seq.
◊
11 December 1974UN unit confirms massacres and torture in Mozambique.
International Herald Tribune, 11 December 1974. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 45 kb.
◊
19 December 1982Wiriyamu: recordando os massacres coloniais.
Domingo, 19 December 1982. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 221 kb.
◊
23 February 1984Manuela Ferreira. Wiriamu: a aldeia da fome negra.
O Globo, 23 February 1984. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 288 kb. Ten years after the massacre, villagers are dying of hunger because of drought.
◊
25 June 1999Alfredo Macaringue. É o sobrevivente Vasco Tenente quem o diz, recordando Wiriamu: «Comam estas sardinhas para se despediram da vida» – disseram os soldados portugueses momentos antes do massacre que custou a vida a perto de duzentos pessoas.
Notícias [suplemento], 25 June 1999, page 11. Click
here to download a PDF file, size 381 kb.
◊ 20 April 1975
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