Suponho nunca ter sido tornado publico, na sua totalidade, o documento apresentado por Uria Simango em Novembro de 1969 e que lhe valeu a expulsão da FRELIMO.
Para mais fácil impressão, no final, têm um link para formato doc. Espero, em breve, poder publicar a sua tradução em português.
GLOOMY SITUATION IN FRELIMO
by Uria T. Simango
Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) was formed in June 1962 as a result of fusion of three political organizations: UDENAMO, MANU e UNAMI. The persons who finally brought this unity which, for years was desired, are: Messrs Matew Mmole, president of MANU; Adelino Gwambe, president of UDEMANO and many others who were in Dar es Salam at that time.
The unification of these organizations was a very important achievement for the Mozambican people in their struggle against the Portuguese colonialism. This decision not with a strong opposition from individualist elements who thought this process would diminish possibilities of getting important positions in politics. This process aimed at bringing together and strengthening nationalist striking force against colonialism and imperialism did not please the enemies of freedom and independence. Despite all the efforts to prevent the formation of a Liberation Front the Liberation the desire of Mozambican people was realized.
The goal to be attained, independence of Mozambique Mozambique
This orientation which guided the founders of the Mozambique Liberation front helped to rally all members of former organizations and others in the consolidation of the Front and the struggle.
There were two main sources of difficulties: The Mozambique Institute and Cabo Delgado Province
1. Mozambique Institute:
The students at the Mozambique Institute were against the physical presence of Portuguese nationals as their teachers for obvious reasons. To them this was a further form of colonialism, most dangerous one, brain wash (indoctrination). It should be said here however that perhaps they were not aware of the real danger that was encroaching the movement. Although they had come on technical basis the Portuguese were determined through cunning ways, to infiltrate the Central Committee as members. Marcelino dos Santos played a very important role to achieve this, on the basis that they are also Mozambicans as the black masses – that they should not be discriminated against – a definition which was not established by any (?organization).
It must be made clear that the students were not against white teachers as some tend to spread. There were other white teachers from USA , India
The participation of Father Gwenjere in the Mozambique Institute problems and in other affairs of FRELIMO was an expression of sympathy and solidarity with his own people.
It is necessary to give a short remark on races. The meeting of the Central Committee of September, 1968, discussed the question of
employing foreigners in the organization for technical tasks. Although some members were against employing people of Portuguese nationality the majority approved with a condition that they will have to accept the policy of FRELIMO and not to interfere in internal affairs of the organization. Some comrades doubted, even refused to accept this, not on employing foreign people from friendly countries, but only Portuguese people. As was seen in the meeting nobody was against having white people help in the organization as such. Those who refused based on previous experiences many problems appeared, they (Portuguese) wanted to be members of the Central Committee. To say that there is racism in FRELIMO is not true, but there is the spirit of vigilance in order to prevent imperialist infiltration and interference, in defense of the revolution and peopled interests.
The question of definition as who is a Mozambican in order to establish a clear legal status of many nationalities found in Mozambique
2. Cabo.Delgado Province
One year later after the formation of FRELIMO we created an organizing secretariat and James Msada-lah who until then was secretary for finance was appointed secretary for organization.
After one year the work of political organization was divided in two parts: interior and exterior. It was on this basis that Lazaro Nkavandame was appointed regional chairman of Cabo Delqado Province
Many complaints of ill treatment and unnecessary capital punishment to the fighters and people in general reached the headquarters. They reached an alarming stage at the beginning of 1967, particularly from Cabo Delgado Province
Towards the end of 1967 the political leaders of Cabo Delgado (chairmen and provincial secretary) accused the leadership of FRELIMO of giving instructions (permission) to the army to kill as they pleased.
The number of deserters from Cabo Delgado and Nyassa rose sharply. There were many factors, but one of the reasons given was that there were merciless assassinations of fighters and severe punishments for minor offences, even on personal basis. This was more frequent in Cabo Delgado Province
The situation became more serious in the end of 1967 and beginning of 1968, when the chairmen of Cabo Delgado and their initiative announced that there would be no more such punishments which were being applied in the province. Cooperation between the political leaders and the army decreased greatly. Those who ran away from the army to the villages got support and protection from the masses so much so that they could not be recovered. As fear increased the chairmen- requested the Central Committee to call a Congress to discuss problems in the organization. When the Congress was held in July 1963 the Chairmen and Provincial Secretary did not attend. The Chairmen alleged that there was a plot to kill them if in the Congress they disagreed with the opinion of the military delegation of Cabo Delgado. Everything was done to convince them that nothing of the sort would happen to them but they maintained their position.
They refused to endorse the decisions of the Congress and they called a conference at Mtwara and invited members of TANU to be present. They rejected the leadership of FRELIMO (Dr. Mondlane) and demanded that he withdraws and if continued they would separate themselves from such a leadership and lead the struggle in the province in the name of FRELIMO and would continue to contribute for the liberation of the whole country. Because of the same reason, mass assassination of fighters and population and that was impossible without the blessing of the leaders, they refused the advice TANU exerted that it was a wrong principle to succeed.
Subsequent meetings tried to persuade them to return to the provinces and occupy their posts but they could not be convinced of the alternative, it became a dead lock. Following this they organized themselves to prevent any leader of FRELIMO from going into the province and that is how comrade Kankhomba was killed, December 1968.
In February 1969 Dr. Mondlane died of a bomb explosion in a girl friend's house near a beach at Oyster Bay in Dar es Salaam
Problems in FRELIMO began at the beginning of the organization in 1962, with Adelino Gwambe, Paulo Gumane, David Mabunda, Leo Milas, etc., who are not at the moment in the organization; but they reached a more serious degree towards the end of 1965 and in 1966 with the pressure to remove Filipe Magaia from the military leadership and replace him with Samora Moises Machel. These efforts were strongly opposed, until he was killed in September 1966, in Mozambique
We reached a certain time that only a few people met to take decisions and announced that the Central Committee had decided; unfortunately were all elements from one region, the South, Frank discussions bf problems also regular meetings of the Executive or Central Committee ceased to exist.
PRESENT SITUATION
The above was intended to give a connection with the present events in the organization, which are not less serious.
There are people in the organization who tend to give/develop a theory that there are two groups in the organization, one led by Dr. Mondlane and the other by Uria Simango. I refute this theory and say that there is one group, the first one, events below described will prove this to be true. However it should be said that there are many people in the party who think that some of our policies are not correct. Such people do not constitute an organized group against anybody, but whenever they are informed of such bad policies they say their opinion* It is possible that they may be two or more who do not agree with certain decisions at the same time. Problems which divided the Central Committee are such as the Mozambique Institute which some maintained an opinion that it should be directed and controlled by FRELIMO and others sustained that it should be independent. Because the first group was right - the Institute was nationalized in 1968, when FRELIMO for the first time had the prerogative to appoint the Principal of the Secondary School. However, there are distortions of decisions about the Mozambique Institute and there are certain things which still need to be settled. How finally these problems will be resolved is still a question mark.
There is a swing to say that we are divided on ideology. This can only mean difference on economic, religious, social policies (class), etc. I agree that ideology is very important but it should never be considered as a uniting or dividing factor of the nationalist liberation forces of Mozambique at this stage, if all agree and accept fundamental principles: a) liberate Mozambique from the Portuguese colonial domination and b) through the armed struggle. Our struggle today is not principally an ideological or class one* iris a struggle of masses of people against foreign domination, Portuguese colonialist, for freedom and independence of these masses. The question of scientific socialism and capitalism in Mozambique should not be allowed to divide us if it becomes a must, of course at a later stage of the struggle* This should not be interpreted as to mean that we should allow or develop a bourgeois or capitalist oriented group in FRELIMO, for our objective is to emancipate our people completely...this is our commitment. The people with religious background should participate in the administration of the country is a problem that will be seen later too. It is wrong to say that we are implanting socialism in the country, to say so only reveals our ignorance of what socialism is. To say that we are not building socialism now does not mean that we may not in the future realize it. Therefore if there is an indigenous bourgeois class at the moment and if it is willing to contribute' for the liberation of the country we must accept its cooperation because since our struggle is divided in various stages, the first stage is a liberation one by a national liberation movement by all the people without discrimination based on sex, creed, wealthy condition, etc. Fortunate enough there is no indigenous bourgeois class that should contend with. On the other hand we are not yet strong enough to fight the Portuguese and their allies and at the same time wage a war against a national bourgeois class. If they (bourgeois) existed we would rally them to fight with us against the common enemy. Within the organization, certainly we must fight all forms of corruption, reactionalism and bourgeoisie, using our machinery of political education. It therefore, become; ridiculous to waste our energy to a point of destroying our unity of fighting pretended enemy, bourgeois class, with an intention to impress somebody, if there is anybody who can be impressed.
Our organization continues affected by a MALADY. It would be hypocrisy to say that the serious crisis of 1968 is resolved in our movement. One can feel the presence of a general demoralization amongst many members of the Central Committee and their quitting of the organization. Some may quickly say that they are undisciplined or anti-revolutionaries. It is good to say so but we should look before we leap. Without expression of true unity and enthusiasm in ourselves we can hardly lead the struggle to a successful end. This disease affecting our movement and our liberation struggle must be cured. To ignore this situation is to be ignorant of what we want and of how to achieve it.
This situation is a manifestation of existence of sharp contradictions among members of the Central Committee. This situation is unavoidable as long as exist a group within that is determined to liquidate others physically for political and material gains. Absence of good will to eliminate contradictions and presence of imperialist influence and external instigation makes the situation worse. It happens that instead of fearing the Portuguese colonialist, we go insecure and distrustful of one's own brother, for he does not care to kill others. Had there not been a decision at Oyster Bay about this action and nobody had been killed we would not be worried by this situation. It is sad that we are going through crisis of this nature.
We would like to spend our time, effort and energy on fighting and defeating the enemy instead of fighting and killing one another, as is the present situation, using the weapons given by friendly countries to fight colonialism and imperialism.
As long as activities of this nature are paid up by imperialists it is with difficulty that we shall solve these problems. It is a pity that our struggle is being faced by problems which appear to be childish.
In spite of all this, ways should and will be found, unfailingly, to solve these problems, once and for all.
There is a very strong feeling of sectarianism, regionalism and tribalism. We must accept the existence of these evils and we should courageously combat them and the spirit of individualism manifested in the frequent utilization of the pronoun "I" (eu). At this moment of serious crisis we must use such emergent measures to correct that is wrong in the organization in order to avoid a collapse too prejudicial to our cause, the liberation of our country.
Personally I know that there are some people who are responsible for the past and the present situation and only through admitting this fact and accepting the following conditions that I can feel morally capable of continuing to cooperate. These people are not serious and do not stand for unity of Mozambican people, for the realization of quick emancipation of our people. Their individualistic attitudes and cooperation with doubtful forces for self interests makes participation and cooperation vain and impossible. Working in this manner is not for the advantage of the people. These activities can only evidence the true nature of these elements, seek for personal gains, materially and politically. They do not even spare the most evil means to achieve these ends, including assassinations. Before tabulating these conditions let us have a look at a serious crime they committed, THE DEATH OF SILVERIO RAFAEL NUNGU.
That there was frequent, cold blooded and deliberate killing in our army is a matter that was of heated discussions inside and outside FRELIMO. Deserters always said this was being done and the chairmen of Cabo Delgado came up with this as the main reason for their adamant demand for secession. Our military officers always refused this allegation and this created two different opinions on the problem. Everybody sought for evidence. The death of comrade Nungu has given light to the whole affair, has proved all these allegations to be true.
Nobody is against the application of capital punishment to those who deserve it, those who collaborate with or are our enemies. Even so each case should be examined and found necessitating to give such a punishment, otherwise it would be vandalism. With regard to assassinators of comrades: Filipe Magaia, Mateus Muthemba, Paulo Samuel Kankhomba and Silverio Rafael. Nungu should accordingly be punished, no mercy should be shown on the involved for they are really enemies of the revolution and of the people of Mozambique
Towards the end of February and beginning of March this year, after the death of Dr. Mondlane, late President of FRELIMO, several people from the southern region of our country, amongst them Samora Moises Machel, Joaquim Chissano, Marcelino dos Santos, Armando Guebuza, Aurelio Manave, Josina Abiatar Muthemba, Eugenio Mondlane and Francisco Sumbane, held several meetings at Janet Rae Mondlane's house at Oyster Bay. She also took part in the meetings. They studied the circumstances surrounding Dr. Mondlane's death as a person from their tribe, as to who had killed him. Janet told the meeting that Filipe Magaia, Sansao Muthemba and Dr. Mondlane had been killed by the people of the north (from Beira
The meetings concluded that Uria Simango, Silverio Nungu, Mariano Masinye and Samuel Dhlakama were their enemies, were responsible for Dr. Mondlane's death and should therefore be eliminated. This decision was criticized by two elderly men, Francisco Sumbane and Eugenio Mondlane, cousin of the deceased. They insisted that they should all cooperate and work with Simango on the contrary it was tribalism. Their advice was not given heed.
It was decided that during the following meeting of the Central Committee action should be taken. If is became impossible to persuade Simango and Nungu to go to Mozambique
In July after receiving report on Nungu’s death they discussed how to proceed with the killing of others, the next person being Simango. It was decided that members of the Presidential Council should go into the country separately to inspect work in the three provinces we are waging the armed struggle, Cabo Delgado, Niassa and Tete. If he goes, Samora and Marcelino declared, will not return, that will be his end.
Meanwhile they speak about a letter supposed to have been
sent from Cabo Delgado in August to invite Simango to visit the Province to solve certain problems. A meeting which took place at Mtwara in the same month, at which Samora Machel, Aurelio Manave and Janet participated discussed about the letter.
On their return Manave spoke publicly about the letter and Simango’s trip to Mozambique
As all of the group of conspiration know that I and others have details of the assassination plans, they will not hand in the letter because my death will be associated with the letter, clear evidence that my death was organized by them.
Three days of the last Central Committee meeting of April 1969 were devoted to attacking and destroying Simango and Nungu and indirectly Mariano and Dhlakama. No vote would such premeditated decisions. Personally I spoke for seven consecutive hours and another eight hours divided in various periods to reply to such unfounded attacks. It was a decisive moment, whether FRELIMO would everything to keep all of us together - I sacrificed for sake of unity. The meeting did not understand, I suppose, why I was cool and calm, presided over throughout the eleven days of the meetings.
We formed the Presidential Council of three people and elected me as coordinator of the Council, a decision which surprised me indeed. In spite of all my suspicions 1n this arrangement I decided to cooperate, work towards diminishing our differences and consolidate our unity for the cause of freedom and independence of our country. My colleagues, from the next day of the closure of the Central Committee meeting, after I had left for a meeting with the Government of Tanzania in the South, embarked upon a campaign against me, amongst our fighters, people and abroad in foreign countries. If I worked against them let them produce evidences.
After demotion of comrade Nungu it was decided that he should go to Mozambique to work at the Central Military Base in Cabo Delgado Province
a) On consideration of his health he would not participate in combats;
b) He would help to organize administration of the army and of the provincial secretariat;
c) He would help to give practical training to other comrades in administration;
d) He would organize census on district level in the liberated areas, some comrades would help him in doing this.
We believed the words of the comrades, that nothing would happen to him - assurances were given in the words in Samora and provincial secretary of Cabo Delgado, Raimundo Pachinuapa, so off he went, at the beginning of May (3rd May) a scene of Judas Iscariot, disciple of Jesus Christ.
At the beginning of July we were informed by military leaders of the Cabo Delgado Province that Nungu had died of hunger strike, had refused to eat for eight days, after he was interrogated on organizing a group against the organization and on wanting to run away to hand himself to the Portuguese authorities...great absurdity!
The following copies of his letters to friends show the contrary to what we were officially informed, show that he was happy and concerned about the struggle his true nature…motive led to his imprisonment together with Magaia in Beira and reason of running away from Mozambique at the beginning of 1962 with Magaia, Feliciano Gundana and others. Nungu is one of the first revolutionaries and militants in the struggle against the Portuguese colonialism. He joined the first underground political organization of which I happened to be one of the leaders and enrolled him, Magaia and others, belonging to the Beira
HOW HE REALLY DIED?
On his arrival in Mozambique
THIS IS WHAT HAPPENED:
On a given day, it should be 16th June, he was brought to the public and accused of being responsible for nakedness of the people because on receiving clothes for the organization he sent them to his store and used all the money donated for work of the organization which could be used be used for buying clothing for fighters for personal purposes. No particular sum of money or special consignment of clothing were indicated. "He is your enemy and enemy of the revolution" they said, and demanded that they (people) should decide what to do with him. Drama of Christ before Pilate, the Roman ruler! There came a deep silence from both the fighters and the people. They retreated with him.
At the camp he was submitted to a long and harsh interrogation on personal and private life. Was forced to write a declaration if he wanted to live. As it was getting dark he was severely beaten to unconsciousness and draggled and left a few yards away. When he became conscious he crawled back and slept in the verandah. When they saw him alive at day break they beat him again, suspended him by the neck, pierced his stomach side by bayonet removed and put him in a cell by himself, where he died. On 18th as it got dark they removed his main clothing, was draggled by the legs, and buried behind the kitchen in a shallow grave. HE WAS ASSASSINATED, HE DID NOT DIE OF HUNGER STRIKE.
He was not an agent of the Portuguese colonialists as < his assassinators want to convince us of and the world; neither was he anti-revolutionary. He was killed because of his stand in defense of freedom, democracy and equality and for being a staunch fighter of colonialism, imperialism and neocolonialism* and vigilant militant against imperialist infiltration.
WHO KILLED NUNGU?
What happened in Mozambique is just a fulfillment of the plan drawn and decision taken at Janet's house at Oyster Bay by the clique of criminals on obedience of imperialist plan, which they considered to be capable of satisfying their interest too. All those who participated in the meetings, are responsible for Nungu's cruel deaths their hands are bloody they are criminals. They are also responsible for many unnecessary executions of fighters and people. They must bear the responsibility for the most desertions and present situation of our movement*
We cannot say "Let the by gones be by gones”; those responsible for these crimes should bear the responsibility on their shoulders the uncommitted to work for the imperialists must defend the lives of the fighters and of the people and their rights and interests.
As I have said above, personally I cannot accept to be part of crimes against our people. Only with radical and complete change of such a situation that I can morally feel to cooperate; otherwise it is an honor to dissociate myself with the actions of the criminals for you cannot trust them, they are vipers - tools of imperialism.
To solve these problems I demand:
a) The right of the people to participate in running their affairs and in the solution of national problems must be restored. More and more we must establish and develop people's admiration (councils) in the liberated areas. This demands therefore the speed up of training of personnel, politically and technically, so that they can fully assume their duty. Restoration of people's right - the voice of the people, is a historical demand.
b) Abolition once and for all nepotism, tribalism, regionalism, corruption and black-mail which certain elements use to achieve their ends and of their masters.
Since 1966 there has been a tendency of a group, unfortunately composed by people from the south which Included the late president of FRLIMO, to meet and take decisions by themselves and impose them on other people through maneuvers. The late President of FRELIMO was criticized by some conscious people from the south, what such kind of method of work would in the final analysis cause. No considerations was given to this advice. This group continues with this method, many meetings take place at Janet's house, only people of the tribe participate. We must understand that there is no tribe in Mozambique
It should not be understood as a struggle or discrimination against people from the south, but against tribal or any other groups which can fatally disunite us and establish perpetual contradictions among us. When we speak about the group from the south it is necessary to say with must emphasis, some elements of Gaza
I must say here that there are many people from the south who are against tribalism and oppose strongly activities of the criminal group in question, they themselves happily work with others.
This group goes as far as cooperating with Paulo Gumane in fighting people of the north just because he comes from the south. He was requested to cooperate on killing Simango and Francisco Kufa, our representative in Lusaka , Zambia
c) Disregard and non-adherence to our basic laws contained in our constitution has done us a great harm* The proponents of constant and unstable changes do so with a view to obtaining personal gains. This spirit cannot be considered as unitary and collectivism This kind of spirit in many countries has led people to commit unaccountable serious crimes. This spirit cannot help us to liberate Mozambique
d) The tendency to consider our students studying abroad as reactionaries and agents of imperialism because they do not agree with some of our policies and therefore establish preference to employ foreigners in the organization to our graduating students should energetically be combated and eliminated. A good climate should be created for them to come to contribute, acquaint and integrate themselves in the revolution. Priority should be given to them in the technical responsibilities they are qualified for which we require foreigners to do. This United Front, the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) should have place for all Mozambicans who want to give genuine contribution to the liberation of our country. We ought therefore to reestablish contacts with them and open a gate for them to participate as militants of FRELIMO in the national liberation struggle against our direct and common enemy.
All students who were studying at the Mozambique Institute should be accepted back when the school reopens. Those who are already studying and would not like to come back should not be forced to but should be considered as students of FRELIMO and be received when they return on finishing their studies unless they themselves decide on the contrary.
There are many children of school age, below 18 years old, in centers of FRELIMO. Places in the schools of Tanzania Mozambique
e) POLITICAL AND MILITARY DESERTERS:
In some neighboring countries of Tanzania , Kenya , Malawi and Zambia
Our enemies will oppose this measure because it is envisaged to consolidate our unity and unification of all nationalist Mozambican forces. This measure will also increase the fighting capacity of the national liberation movement of our country. All attempts of our enemies to divide and maintain us divided should be foiled. Agents of imperialism will hesitate to accept this and may even go further in cooperation with their masters to obstruct the operation of this national reconciliatory programme.
This programme does not include those proved to be working for the enemy.
f) Massacres of fighters should be terminated. Unity must be restored. Further assassinations amongst ourselves should be stopped forthwith. Cabo Delgado should cease to be a place of slaughter. Those responsible for the assassinations have done worse than the imperialists.
On these grounds:
i - Janet Rae Mondlane, because of her direct participation in the assassination of Nungu and in the general planning of assassination of others, Uria Simango, Mariano Matsinye and Samuel Dhlakama, and because of her being agent and financial channel of imperialist activities to paralyze in a more subtle way the struggle of the people of Mozambique against colonialism and imperialism for freedom and independence, and because she is the source of massive corruption in FRELIMO, particularly of the people from the south and military leaders, she must quit immediately and return to the United States of America and cease having any dealing in Mozambique affairs.
ii - Because of direct participation of Samora, Chissano and Marcelino in planning the death of Nungu and of those mentioned above and for execution of many comrades unjustly, they are criminals and they must therefore forthwith resign and enter trial. They are enemies of unity and independence.
These three and Armando Guebuza are partly responsible for some mistakes Dr. Mondlane made which created many problems for the organization and himself* The advice Dr. Mondlane was given by some people from the south, not to constitute his council of people only from the south was not taken into consideration because of these elements.
iii - The Director of the Mozambique Institute will be a Mozambican (an African).
iv - Many comrades, including Domingos dos Santos
All these measures are intended to correct the errors which have existed in the organization for many years and to give a new brotherly and revolutionary spirit and to revitalize the movement. These measures can afford us to build unity and mutual confidence in the organization and to wipe corruption, imperialist interference and infiltration into the organization, to build a true nationalist liberation movement capable of carrying out the task of the first stage - liberation of Mozambique
This process to revive the revolutionary and nationalist spirit and to rehabilitate FRELIMO does not go in counter with or for altering our Foreign Policy contained in the document of the Second Congress.
I dissociate myself with the above crimes. Failure to comply with these demands will mean my immediate resignation.
3/11/69
Foi com interesse que li o seu pedido para que eu faça a traduçao do documento do Simango -- um documento que é extramamente importante pr ele ser aquilo que os historiadores chamam uma fonte primaria visto que foi escrita por um homem que fez a historia e que tambem viveu a historia sobre a qual ele escreve. E é tambem no mesmo contexto que se deve considerar aquilo que eu escrevo visto vivi tambem a historia sobre a qual escrevo.
Os kambaradas Frelimos nao teem nada a dizer sobre aquilo que escrevo. A historia que eles andaram a esconder ja nao é um segredo hoje. Mas contada pela primeira vez depois de 40 anos do seu acontecimento da sustos ao terroristas que se tinham feito de deuses atraves de mentiras e deturpaçoes. Se os dirigentes terroristas da Frelimo deram sustos fisicos a milhares e milhares de fihos e filhas de Moçambique que eles chacinaram e continuam a chacinar, sao eles que agora apanham o susto psicologico de ver a verdade revelada e paradada num desfile de vergonha.
Demistificados e desfilados com uma ladainha dos seus crimes, os imperadores de crimes contra a humanidade e deturpadores da historia e propaladores de mentiras estao hoje nus, tendo perdido as roupas imperiais. Deus querendo, este é so o começo. O material que apareceu nas colunas de Moçambiqe para todos sao resumos dos acontecimentos, que podem ser alargados para publicaçao em livro.
Tentarei ter o tempo para traduzir o documento para a atençao do Fernado Gil, que agora detem a copyright em virtude de te-lo apanhado de algures. Em principio, o filho mais velho do Simango deveria ter o direito a copyright. Manterei vos infromados quando começar a traduçao.
Francisco Nota Moises
A história de Moçambique dentro de 20 anos, depois do fim do ciclo de vida dos "kambaradas", vai ser muito recontada, talvez por alguns filhos "curiosos", e talvez saindo alguns best-sellers.
Não ficaria mal, se o senhor fizesse uma translação/tradução do documento do rev. Uria Simango, com anotações em cada parágrafo da sua vivência, (neste anos difíceis para muitos "mwanas" moçambicanos, hoje avós) para que a juventude IT moçambicana, saiba o documento que deu azo a entrada do comunismo em Moçambique, dutante 17/18 anos, através de Machel e seus seguidores!
Isto é história, que ninguém e jamis alterará, mas que fique de exemplo, para que as decisões sejam ponderadas com consenso!"KUVERANA"!
Há um pormenor a não descurar!
Todos chamam o EngºDaviz Simango de "miúdo"(talvez por ser o "sobrinho" de todos nos tempos idos da Frelimo de Mondlane em Dar), mas em 1967/1970, os jovens Chissano, Guebuza,Manave,Fondo, eram "mwanamphale" e alguns "tsotsi", com total inexperiência e até na tradução da palavra "governar"..., totalmente "inaptos"!
E durante 35 anos pouco aprenderam em governação do País/povo, sómente exímios em "apoderamento" do alheio!
Samora Machel, o homem que dirigiu Moçambique a independencia depois de se ter sangrentamente apoderado da cadeira da Frelimo, apresentava um lado que fazia meter medo. Ao paradar Uria Simango em Nachingwea, campo de treinos da Frelimo nio sul de Tanzania em Setembro de 1974, Samora Machel descreveu o humilhado Uria Simango como, segundo o que apareceu no jornal tanzaniano naquela semana como "a Christmas turkey (um peru do Natal." Nos paises ocidentais, o peru constitue parte integrante do jantar do Natal. A metafora de Samora Machel sempre me intrigou, nao entendia o seu significando e deixu me convencido que o entao chefe do estado moçambicano fosse um canibal ou antropofago.
Nao ha duvida que Machel era mentalmente mal balançado, o que levara um correspondente da BBC a descreve-lo em Março de 1976 como "the Idi Amin of Mozambique (o Idi Amine de Moçambique) por forçar que as pessoas que viviam por onde ele passava entrassem e se fechassem nas suas casas até depois dele ter passado." As portas e janelas todas fechadas. A natureza tragicamente comica do Machel foi tal que um outro correspondente da BBC chamou-o "a moving theatre (um teatro ambulante)."
Francisco Nota Moises
APRESENTAÇAO DA HISTORIA E O PROBLEMA DE LEALDADE
Apesar do erro que Simango cometeu de nao estar com a revolta quando toda agente se revoltava e querer empreender a sua proripria revolta quando nao havia ninguem para apoia-lo, ele fica gravado na historia como um dos herois moçambicanos como o foram Padre Mateus Pinho Gwenjere, Gumane, Kambeu, Basilio Banda e tantos outros. Simango é heroi por duas razoes: primeiro, foi um dos primeiros moçambicanos a se movimentar em prol da independencia nacional, e sugundo foi um daqueles que ousou combater a infiltraçao do tribalismo e totalitarismo na Frelimo, cancro este que veio a se alastrar por todo o corpo da naçao moçambicana quando o pais tornou-se independente sob o comando de Samora Machel, individuo cruel e mentalmente mal balançado. Machel: que a sua alma repouse em paz! Foi inimigo quando estava vivo e agora nao é mais visto que nao se pode ser o inimigo dum individuo morto. Sim, muito interessante que os seus colegas nao estiveram com ele no aviao seu pilotado por russos. Complote ou falta de confiança num aviao russo pilotado por russos?
Aurelio Manave deveria idealmente comparecer no tribunal internationacional por crimes contra a humanidade. Alem de ter controlado os prisioneiros politicos os quais foram mortos durante a sua dinastia no Niassa, tenho informaçao que o individuo estaja tambem a controlar campos de concentraçao para onde Samora Machel e Armando Emilio Guebuza enviavam centenas e milhares de prisioneiros politicos no Niassa com varias excusas de serem isto e aquilo--açado e cozido: reacionarios, agentes do imperialismo, xiconhocas boateiros, marginais...
Sergio Vieira teria tambem que responder por muitos crimes antes da independencia tal como a humilhaçao no campo de Nachingwea de mais de 600 prisoneiros que incluiam Simango, Gumane, Kambeu e outros. Nenhum destes 600 prisioneiros sobreviveu. Foram depois todos mortos. Sergio Vieira, chefe do SNASP, veio a cometer mais crimes depois da independencia nacional.
Com ousadia, descrevi Sergio Vieira na imprensa moçambicana como a reincarnaçao em Moçambique de Ravana, o reu-demonio do Glorioso RAMAYANA, epopeia hindu e tambem texto sagrado do Hinduismo na qual Rama, reincarnaçao do Deus Vishnu reincarna-se em Ayodhia e mais tarde apoiado por um exercito enorme de macacos e ursos (reincarnacoes divinas em forma de animais) se engaja numa guerra apocaliptica com o reino demonico de Lanka e os demonios rakshasas ficam derrotados. Escrito por maharishi Valmiki 500 anos antes de Cristo, Ramayana é a melhor estoria que eu tenha lido em narraçao inglesa. Esta foi tambem a opiniao do Mahatma Gandhi que descreveu o Ramayana como a melhor estoria. A obra orignial do tamanho da Biblia foi escrita em Sanscrito, lingua morta da India, na qual rezas hindus sao feitas. Falado ainda por padres brahminicos do Hinduismo. Mas no quadro de castas de India, Sergio Vieira fica classificado como intocavel cuja propria sombra sujaria pessoas de castas superiores. E este intocavel hoje nos escraviza e mata em Moçambique.
Conheci Samuel Dhlakama. Ante daquilo conheci o seu filho Julio Dhlakama que estava comigo no Seminario de Zobue e veio a morrer no Nigeria para onde foi viver depos de estudar enginharia da entao chamada Republica democratica alema. Vi a conhecer em Dar Es Salaam, a irmao do Julio de nome Ines Dhlakama, uma rapariga entao de beleza encantadora. Tinha tambem uma filha de nome Deolinda Dhlakama que se casara com um guineense de Bissau. Quando me encontrei com Samuel Dhlakama, ele estava com um grupo de guineenses e falamos em frances. Samuel Dhalakama teve muita admiraçao por mim visto que falava o frances perfeitamente.
Acusar Dhlakama de ser um agente da CIA era parte da estrategia do Samora Machel para eliminar todos aqueles que estiveram ligados com Simango. Disseram tambem que ele recebeu a bomba que vitimou Mondlane do malogrado padre Pollet, mentor do Gwenjere. Pollet foi expulso de Moçambique pelo governo portugues depois da morte do bishp Sebastiao Rezende com a note de que nunca deveria por pé em qualquer territorio portugues. Que foi receber a enconmenda-bomba da embaixada portguesa em Blantyre, foi uma invençao pura e doida de Joaquim Chissano e que foi propelada pelo seu porta-voz, o intocavel Sergio Vieira.
A informaçao que tenho sobre Samuel Dhlakama, tio ou nao do Afonso Dhlakama, é que ele morreu depois da independencia,tendo sofrido de alta tensao por muitos anos. Coisas que o Afonso Dhlakama diz nao se devem engolir de qualquer maneira. Ele alega ter estado no seminario de Zobue, mas nao ha nenhuma evidencia mesmo depois da minha saida em 1967. Sabe se porem que reprovou por duas vezes exames pe passagem de terceira a quarta classes coloniais.
A Betty King era abertamento conhecida como agente da CIA em Dar Es Salaam. Parece que nao ha duvida que era amante do Mondlane. Parece que havia aquilo que em frances que chama "un ménage à trois", uma cena de amor entre tres pessoas, dali a frequentaçao de Mondlane na residencia da Betty. E no dia fatidico de 03 de fevereiro de 1969, a Janet tinha ido a Suécia, um pais que fornecia fundos a Frelimo.
Quando a morte de Mondlane foi anunciada na Radio da Tanzania, houve um jubilo geral entre os estudantes exilados em Rutamba, coisa que fez zangar Kamtawa, o chefe do campo das Nacoes unidas, que convocou grupo de estudantes no qual estive incluido para o seu escritorio para nos ralhar. Lamentou-se que o evento tinha sido a primeira bomba a matar um individuo no territorio tanzaniano e que aquilo devia nos entristecer. Kamtawa, um tanzaniano, nao nos deu tempo para nos explicarmos. Mondlane era o nosso inimigo e houve emoçoes na informaçao do que o inimigo tinha morrido. Na minha opiniao, o jubilo era infantil, mas podia se entender.
Houve senas semelhantes nos campos de refugiados moçambicanos na Suazilandia, Zimbabwe, Zambia e Malawi quando a morte de Samora foi anunciada. Muitos refugiados alegraram-se, de acordo com informacoes veiculadas de Londres...sao coisas que acontecem... infelizes, mas acontecem. Pode-se imaginar a alegria dos frelimistas no dia em que ouvirem que o Nota Moises morreu. Havera celebracoes sem fim...
Francisco Nota Moises
Depreendo que o dito documento teorizado pelo Rev.Uria, acusava veementemente o AM-Aurélio Manave e seus colegas superiores estacionados em Dar, que conspiravam na base tribal, em Oister Bay-residencia do Prof Eduardo..
Manave na altura do "desaparecimento físico" de Gumane, Joana, Kambeu e Simango, era o primeiro secretário provincial da Frelimo e governador de Niassa, e ao que parece terá recebido ordens directas do comandante chefe e do comité Político da Frelimo, para "acabar o trabalho, que ele não conseguiu finalizar 8 anos volvidos, quando ainda estava em Naschingwea-Tanzania".
Assim comparando o CV político de Den Xiaping, teremos ela (Janet) e o bando dos 4 à moçambicana(Sérgio, Jorge,Óscar,Marcelino), qualquer deles, pesos-pesados da política samorista, que abandonaram o seu comandante-Samora, porque nenhum deles viajou com o Samora a reuniao da SADCC na Zâmbia.
São tudo conjecturas e suposições!
Que é feito do comandante de blindados, Coronel Samuel Dhlakama (tio do Afonso Macacho), apresentado pelo Machel ao público como agente da CIA em Maputo?
Curioso também que o documento do Rev.Uria Simango, referencia a secretária da Janet, Betty King, como a namorada do Professor Eduardo, daí a Janet não estar presente em Dar(estava na Suiça, a fazer o quê?), no fatídico 03 february 1969.
Bom,o Professor Eduardo Mondlane, como natural de Gaza, e "digno descendente de Shaka Zulu", "não descurava oportunidades" e assim, não admira que actualmente o "continuador" Jacob Zuma, esteja em 4as núpcias!
É uma questão de tradição afro-árabe ser possuidor de muitas esposas!
Pelo menos não era GAY!Valha!
Acabo de ler o documento de Uria Simango depois de le-lo pela primeira vez no fim de 1969 quando ja estava em Nairobi, Quénia. Depois de muitas tentativas por Mondlane e os seus colegas de fechar o Instituto moçambicano e as suas ordens anuladas pelo governo de Tanzania cada vez, o proprio governo de Tanzania veio a fechar o instituto e despachou os estudantes para o campo de refugiads moçambicanos em Rutamba, no sul da Tanzania, alegando que era uma medida para nos separar e proteger-nos dos lideres da Frelimo.
Pela altura que isto aconteceu, um bom numero de estudantes ja tinha cavalgado para Nairobi, Quénia, onde começavam novas vidas estudantis fora da atmosfera de terror na Frelimo e de insegurança na Tanzania. Eu tive que fugir de Rutamba para Nairobi, onde continuei a crescer, estudar e la vivi por 17 anos antes de me re-estabelecer no Canada onde agora sou digno cidadao do pais.
Globalmente, o documento do Uria Simango resume a situaçao dentro da Frelimo na decada de 1960. Nao ha duvida que Mondlane, a american Janet Mondlane, Samora Machel, Joaquim Chissano, Armando Guebuza e os indianos Sergio Vieira, Jorge Rebelo, Oscar Monteiro e o cabo verdiano Marcelino dos Santos criaram todos os problemas de matanças, chacinas e o tribalismo na Frelimo, politica esta que é religiosamante implementada hoje pelo regime de Armando Emilio Guebuza.
Ao reler o documento, senti muita pena do Simango, visto que a sua indecisao esteve por detras da nossa falha na nossa luta contra as forças do mal lideradas por Eduardo Mondlane. No tempo em que estivemos a combater a camarilha da Frelimo, Simango vacilava e associava-se com o grupo que ele veio a condenar no seu documento, tendo uma vez em 1968 sido utilisado para fazer provocaçoes contra os estudantes, quando os sulistas decidiram usa-lo para anunciar que o instituto ia se fechar. Depois de fazer o anuncio, os estudantes decidiram actuar, cercando-o e o Marcelino dos Santos que o acompanhava. Durante mais duma meia hora, os dois passaram mal com os estudantes a bate-los e Uria Simango colocou-aos ombros de José Manhique, um dos dirigentes estudantes oriundo do sul, enquanto que um outro estudante o tinha pela barba. Simango estremecia implorando a Manhique que nao deixasse os estudantes mata-lo. E na verdade um grupo de rapazes macondes corriam por toda a parte a procura de gasolina e diziam "vamos queimar estes gajos". Mas nao encontraram o produto infernal.
Quando isto acontecia com Simango, eu e outro grupo cercamos Marcelino dos Santos, o qual batemos e disciplinamos a valer. Era incrivel ver o terror na cara do terrorista Marcelino dos Santos.
Finalmente, deixamos os gajos partirem. Em Julio, o instituto moçambicano foi feixado. Padre Mateus Pinho Gwenjere, que era o chefe da oposiçao, veio mais tarde a ser exilado para o arcbispado de Mwanza no norte de Tanzania.
A grande revolta do Simango em 1969 aconteceu num mau tempo, e foi provocada pelo assassinato de Silverio Nungu de Sofala que os dirigentes da Frelimo acusaram de ter roubado o dinheiro do partido para construir casas para os seus sogros tanzanianos. Nungu era o chefe das finaças da Frelimo. Nos os estudantes escoraçados de Dar Es Salaam, o Gwenjere, com que Simango tinha feito um pacto para trabalharem juntos para mudar a situaçao na Frelimo fora de Dar-Es-Salaam, o Baraza la Wazee (swahili para "Comité dos ancioes da revoluçao") adoptando mais clandestinidade e sem mais confiança nele, Simango estava condenado a fracassar. Simango encontra-se assim sozinho no meio de lobos ferozes que queriam mata-lo.
Depois da publicaçao do seu documento, o governo de Tanzania declarou-o "persona non grata" e foi tomado pelo Egipto onde viveu até quando se deu o golpe do Estado em Portugal em 1974, quando decidiu regressar a Moçambique para tentar fazer uma politica que garantiria que Portugal entregasse a independencia atravez duma via democratica. O que aconteceu mais tarde é mais conhecido por nos.
Francisco Nota Moises